Which class of drugs includes alcohol, opiates, barbiturates, and benzodiazepines?

The correct answer identifies depressants as the class of drugs that includes alcohol, opiates, barbiturates, and benzodiazepines. Depressants, also known as central nervous system (CNS) depressants, are substances that reduce stimulation and activity in the brain, leading to a calming effect on the body and mind.

When consumed, these substances tend to slow down brain function, decrease anxiety, and induce feelings of relaxation. Alcohol is a widely recognized depressant that affects the central nervous system, impairing motor skills and cognitive function. Opiates, which include drugs derived from opium, such as morphine and heroin, also have sedative effects and are commonly used for pain relief; however, they can be highly addictive and lead to respiratory depression. Barbiturates, which are prescribed for anxiety or sleep disorders, similarly act as CNS depressants, though their use has declined due to safety concerns. Benzodiazepines, a class of medications used to treat anxiety and insomnia, work by enhancing the effect of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), leading to increased relaxation and sedation.

In contrast, stimulants are substances that enhance brain activity, leading to increased alertness and